Fossil records Skull of an American lion on display at the National Museum of Natural History This result suggested that the taxonomic position of lions in Central Africa may require revision. leo in mtDNA-based phylogenies, but with a high affinity to P. Genome-wide data of a wild-born historical lion sample from Sudan showed that it clustered with P. Researchers, therefore, assume Ethiopia is a contact zone between the two subspecies. Lion samples from some parts of the Ethiopian Highlands cluster genetically with those from Cameroon and Chad, while lions from other areas of Ethiopia cluster with samples from East Africa. leo leo in mtDNA-based phylogenies whereas their genomic DNA indicates a closer relationship with P. DNA analysis from a more recent study indicates, that Central African lions are derived from both northern and southern lions, as they cluster with P. However, there seems to be some degree of overlap between both groups in northern Central Africa. It has been referred to as 'southern subspecies' and 'southern lion'. melanochaita ( Smith, 1842) − includes the extinct Cape lion and lion populations in East and Southern African regions. Multiple authors referred to it as 'northern lion' and 'northern subspecies'. leo (Linnaeus, 1758) − the nominate lion subspecies includes the Asiatic lion, the regionally extinct Barbary lion, and lion populations in West and northern parts of Central Africa. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised lion taxonomy, and recognises two subspecies based on results of several phylogeographic studies on lion evolution, namely: Between 20, IUCN Red List assessors used only two subspecific names: P. In the 19th and 20th centuries, several lion type specimens were described and proposed as subspecies, with about a dozen recognised as valid taxa until 2017. Subspecies Range map showing distribution of subspecies and clades They were distinguished mostly by the size and colour of their manes and skins. Between the mid-18th and mid-20th centuries, 26 lion specimens were described and proposed as subspecies, of which 11 were recognised as valid in 2005. The genus name Panthera was coined by Lorenz Oken in 1816. Taxonomy The upper cladogram is based on the 2006 study, the lower one on the 20 studies.įelis leo was the scientific name used by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, who described the lion in his work Systema Naturae. The generic name Panthera is traceable to the classical Latin word 'panthēra' and the ancient Greek word πάνθηρ 'panther'. The Hebrew word לָבִיא lavi may also be related. The English word lion is derived via Anglo-Norman liun from Latin leōnem (nominative: leō), which in turn was a borrowing from Ancient Greek λέων léōn. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in Ancient Egypt, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures in the lion's historic and current range. Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoological gardens across the world since the late 18th century. One of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture, the lion has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes for concern. Lion populations are untenable outside designated protected areas. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 because populations in African countries have declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. During the Neolithic period, the lion ranged throughout Africa and Eurasia from Southeast Europe to India, but it has been reduced to fragmented populations in sub-Saharan Africa and one population in western India. It is usually more diurnal than other wild cats, but when persecuted, it adapts to being active at night and at twilight. The lion inhabits grasslands, savannahs and shrublands. The lion is an apex and keystone predator although some lions scavenge when opportunities occur and have been known to hunt humans, lions typically do not actively seek out and prey on humans. Groups of female lions usually hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. A lion's pride consists of a few adult males, related females, and cubs. It is a social species, forming groups called prides. It is sexually dimorphic adult male lions are larger than females and have a prominent mane. It has a muscular, broad-chested body short, rounded head round ears and a hairy tuft at the end of its tail. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a large cat of the genus Panthera native to Africa and India. Historical and present distribution of the lion in Africa, Asia and Europe
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The Latin specific epithet nivale means "white". The scientific name Leontopodium is a latinisation of the Greek leontopódion, "lion's paw". Alternative names include Chatzen-Talpen ("cat's paws") and the older Wullbluomen ("wool flower," attested in the 16th century). In Romania, it is known as floare de colț, which means 'cliffhanger's flower.' The flower is referred to as Stella Alpina in the Italian-speaking Alps and étoile des Alpes in the French Alps, meaning 'star of the Alps.' Įdelweiß was one of several regional names for the plant and achieved wide usage during the first half of the 19th century in the context of early Alpine tourism. Slovenian name is planika, meaning mountain girl. The flower's common name Edelweiß is German, and is a compound of edel "noble" and weiß "white". According to folk tradition, giving this flower to a loved one is a promise of dedication. The Edelweiss day is celebrated on 5 March. In Romania it was declared a "monument of nature" in 1931. It is a national symbol of several countries, specifically Bulgaria, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Italy. It is a scarce, short-lived flower found in remote mountain areas and has been used as a symbol for alpinism, for rugged beauty and purity associated with the Alps and Carpathians. Its leaves and flowers are covered with dense hairs, which appear to protect the plant from cold, aridity, and ultraviolet radiation. It is non-toxic and has been used in traditional medicine as a remedy against abdominal and respiratory diseases. The plant prefers rocky limestone places at about 1,800–3,400 metres (5,900–11,200 ft) altitude. Leontopodium nivale, commonly called edelweiss ( German: Alpen-Edelweiß, English pronunciation / ˈ eɪ d əl v aɪ s/ ⓘ), is a mountain flower belonging to the daisy or sunflower family Asteraceae. The third incident took place at the festival of the Lupercalia, on 15 February 44 BC. The Roman plebs took their tribunes seriously as the representatives of the common people Caesar's actions against the tribunes put him on the wrong side of public opinion. In a later senate meeting, Caesar accused the tribunes of attempting to create opposition to him, and had them removed from office and membership in the Senate. Marullus and Flavus, the aforementioned tribunes, were not amused, and ordered the man who first cried "rex" arrested. This was wordplay "Rex" was a family name as well as a Latin title. A few members of the crowd greeted him as rex ("king"), to which Caesar replied, "I am not Rex, but Caesar" ("Non sum Rex, sed Caesar"). Matters escalated shortly after on the 26th, when Caesar was riding on horseback to Rome on the Appian Way. Nobody knew who had placed the diadem, but Caesar suspected that the tribunes had arranged for it to appear so that they could have the honour of removing it. According to Suetonius, the tribunes ordered the wreath be removed as it was a symbol of Jupiter and royalty. One day in January, the tribunes Gaius Epidius Marullus and Lucius Caesetius Flavus discovered a diadem on the head of the statue of Caesar on the Rostra in the Roman Forum. Regardless of the reasoning, by practically rejecting a senatorial gift and not acknowledging the delegation's presence with proper etiquette, Caesar gave the strong impression that he no longer cared about the Senate. Roman historian Suetonius wrote (almost 150 years later) that Caesar failed to rise in the temple, either because he was restrained by the consul Lucius Cornelius Balbus or that he balked at the suggestion he should rise. He also joked about their news, saying that his honours needed to be cut back instead of increased. When they arrived, etiquette called for Caesar to stand up to greet the senators, but he did not rise. According to Roman historian Cassius Dio, after the Senate had voted to bestow a large group of honours upon Caesar, they decided to present them to him formally, and marched as a senatorial delegation to the Temple of Venus Genetrix. The first incident took place in December 45 BC or possibly early 44 BC. Roman historian Titus Livius describes three incidents that occurred from 45 to 44 BC as the final causes of Caesar's assassination – the "three last straws" as far as some Romans were concerned. After defeating the last of the opposition, Caesar was appointed dictator perpetuo ("dictator in perpetuity") in early 44 BC. After the Roman Senate demanded that Caesar disband his army and return home as a civilian, he refused, crossing the Rubicon with his army and plunging Rome into Caesar's Civil War in 49 BC. Possible bust of Julius Caesar, posthumous portrait in marble, 44–30 BC, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican Museums.Ĭaesar had served the Republic for eight years in the Gallic Wars, fully conquering the region of Gaul (roughly equivalent to modern-day France). The reverse shows a pileus between two daggers, with the legend EID MAR ( Eidibus Martiis – on the Ides of March), commemorating the assassination. The ramifications of the assassination led to his martyrdom, the Liberators' civil war and ultimately to the Principate period of the Roman Empire.Ĭauses The Ides of March coin, a Denarius portraying Brutus ( obverse), minted in 43–42 BC. Despite the death of Caesar, the conspirators were unable to restore the institutions of the Republic. At least 60 to 70 senators were party to the conspiracy, led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus. They claimed to be acting over fears that Caesar's unprecedented concentration of power during his dictatorship was undermining the Roman Republic. Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times. Gon replied positively, and Kite informed him that his father did not die in an accident, contrary to what Gon's aunt Mito told him. Upon seeing the determined look on the boy's face, Kite asked if his father's name is Ging. Gon, however, stopped Kite and claimed he wanted to raise the cub on his own. He then tried to kill the cub, claiming it will grow up hating humans and will, therefore, be a danger to them. He gave the boy an antiseptic for the wound. Kite killed the mother to save the boy, but later chastised Gon for making him kill it, explaining the territorial mark the Foxbear left everywhere in the area. He received a warning call from a squirrel and saved Gon from a Foxbear mother protecting its cub. Three years prior to the 287th Hunter Exam, Kite traveled to Whale Island in hopes of getting leads to the whereabouts of his teacher, Ging Freecss. Although he discovered the lowest number of species, his discovery of Camp Tigers marked the most important accomplishment of the group. He then took on a three-year contract documenting unknown species for the Kakin government with his group of friends. Shortly after encountering Gon, Kite succeeded in his task. Kite then left Ging's Hunter License in the boy's possession before resuming his search for Ging, claiming it to be the most difficult hunt in the world. Kite then recognized him as Ging's son and informed him that his father did not die in an accident (as he had been told by Mito), but that he was a professional Hunter and also his mentor. However, Gon stopped Kite and vowed to raise the cub. He then tried to put down the Foxbear cub, claiming that it would grow up hating humans and would, therefore, be a danger to them. Kite saved Gon by killing the mother and then punched and chastised the boy because his ignorance had forced Kite to take the creature's life. The lack of clues about Ging's location finally led Kite to Ging's home, Whale Island, where he met an eight-year-old Gon for the first time as he was being attacked by a Foxbear mother protecting its cub. It might be around this time that Kite met Spinner Clow and Stick Dinner and heeded their pleas to save the mountain that was home to the Small-billed Swan, financing its purchase for them. Kite eventually passed the Hunter Exam however, Ging was not satisfied and gave Kite one last hurdle: he wanted Kite to catch him. Sometime after his son's birth Ging took Kite to Greed Island and, unbeknownst to him, had Elena rig his contact so that if Gon took an " Accompany" instead of a " Magnetic Force" out of the game, he would be sent to Kite instead. At some point in his life he became Ging Freecss' disciple, an experience which he believes to have saved him from dying in a pestilent alley he was taught the rudiments of being a Hunter, including Nen. They then helped both Koala and Gon assuage their feelings of guilt and gave the former a new purpose in life, although he formulated it as a threat. After only a few days, however, they matured and seemed to return to their former personality as a result of recovering their memories. ĭuring his initial introduction as Meruem's sibling, Kite was an enthusiastic child, still playing with stuffed toys and swords, and still being watched over by Colt. However, they never hesitate, not even when they must take a life, as little as they like it: in fact, after saving Gon, they punched him because his ignorance led to the death of a Foxbear. Although some may regard them as cold-hearted, they are actually caring, fond of animals as they are of people. Kite is stern and stoic, occasionally blunt to the point of appearing rude. They have a rat-like tail and wear a black leather suit and pants. In this representation, he wears a purple peaked cap, a lilac long-sleeved shirt with a turtleneck, a yellow obi from which hangs a katana with a blue-green hilt and sheath, black trousers, and shoes.Īs a Chimera Ant, Kite is a girl with long red hair, purple eyes, and freckles covering her face. In the 1999 anime adaptation, he has more handsome traits, with gentler features, thin almond eyes of dark color, brown hair, and a more muscular physique. He wore a light blue peaked cap resembling a beret, a long-sleeved white shirt with a turtleneck, an azure sash (perhaps an obi) wound three times about his waist, black trousers, and brown shoes. He had an inverted triangle-shaped face with a hooked nose, a pointy chin, and big, roundish-almond eyes with small hazel irises. In the manga and the 2011 anime adaptation, he was thin to the point of being gaunt, with long, flowing white hair with the longer locks reaching his knees. Kite was a tall, slender man in his late twenties or early thirties. Kite's 2011 anime adaptation design (as a Chimera Ant) If you add capacitor between output and GND (in fact in parallel to that 150 ohm) you get capacitive divider. In such circuit harmonic levels would be semi equal up to high frequency (the decrease in harmonic amplitude with frequency is compensated by the decreasing impedance of the capacitor). Generator connected to GND and capacitor to isolated output.įor EMC measurement that output is loaded with 150 ohm resistor to GND and disturbance at that resistor are measured. I imagine SMPS (for common mode) as AC generator in serie with its internal capacitance. SMPS circuits often have a capacitor (rated for 2kV or more) between the primary and secondary side. In high voltage generation / distribution optically triggered thyristors are sometimes used. “Medical grade” power supplies have extra demands for failing in a safe state if they fail and for lower capacitance and who knows what else.īottom line is you first have to know what to protect against before you can build something. I think it’s to ensure that the capacitance in the optocoupler is not the dominant factor in picking up noise, which could lead to faulty switching. The audio versions (S/PDIF) are the cheapest.īut for normal mains voltage related applications the ubiquitous DIP4 sized optocouplers are apparently sufficient, but would you trust a bag of cheap PC817 optocouplers from Aliexpress? If you want to go extreme you can use fiber (or plastic) optical cable. It also has other hardened features such as a 3mm internal distance between the LED and the detector, with 8kV AC and 14kV DC test voltages. Pin spacing between primary and secondary side is 15.24mm Please note that the Greenhouse is closed for renovations. Please note, the following animals may not be viewable at this time: to 7 p.m., so please expect wait times during peak days and hours as there are occupancy limits. Roer’s Zoofari, Fairfax County, Virginia, 1228 Hunter Mill Road, Vienna, Virginia 22182. (Plus taxes and fees.) The less expensive tickets are on Thursdays and for the last time slot on other nights. The Festival will run from Novemto January 9, 2022. Average stay per visitor is 40 to 60 mins. The 2021 LuminoCity Festival Locations: Clark Botanic Gardens on Long Island in New York, 193 I U Willets Road, Albertson, NY 11507. This year, youll experience NEW lantern displays showcasing the wildlife of New Yorks ocean waters and wetlands, plus a new interactive experience celebrating. Please note that Electric Convenience Vehicle (ECV) rentals are currently unavailable. Open Hours LuminoCity Festival is open from 4 p.m. One of our influencers will be attending the opening ceremony of Lumino City in New York on November 12th. There’s gold in them thar hills- White Gold Parmigiano Reggiano This utterly unique and highly sought after Parmigiano Reggiano from the village of Traversetola, Parma, Italy is a must gift for the cheese connoisseur in your life. Please note the orangutan outdoor habitat is closed while we make some improvements. THE KING OF CHEESE OUR ULTIMATE HOLIDAY GIFT. Alternate washrooms are accessible near the African Rainforest pavilion and Africa Restaurant. Please note that the Simba Safari Lodge Washroom and the Madagascar Washroom (Zoomobile Station Washroom at the top of Canadian Domain Hill) are closed due to construction. Be cautious of unauthorized discounts or sales outside our website, as they are NOT affiliated with us. We DO NOT partner with third-party vendors. IMPORTANT: Buy tickets ONLY on our official website,. The downloaded 4K samples were the same as the original in quality. MacX YouTube Downloader supports batch downloading, enabling users to download multiple videos simultaneously, which can save time and effort.ĭownload Speed - This free UHD video downloader for macOS took less than 30 seconds to save a 3-minute music video in 3840 X 2160 from YouTube, Vevo, Vimeo, Dailymotion, and other sites.ĭownload Quality - This 2160p video downloader for Mac 2021 is able to download 4K videos movies on Mac with zero quality loss. 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MacX Video Converter Pro can free download 4K Ultra HD video from YouTube, Vimeo, Vevo, Dailymotion, 1000+ sites in whatever format (MP4, AVI, MKV, FLV, etc.). 4K Video Downloader for Mac - MacX Video Converter Pro Remington and Sons, IBM, Godrej, Imperial Typewriter Company, Oliver Typewriter Company, Olivetti, Royal Typewriter Company, Smith Corona, Underwood Typewriter Company, Facit, Adler, and Olympia-Werke. Notable typewriter manufacturers included E. Similar typewriter keyboards, with layouts optimised for other languages and orthographies, emerged soon afterward, and their layouts have also become standard for computer keyboards in their respective markets. The origins of this layout still need to be clarified. The QWERTY keyboard layout, developed for typewriters in the 1870s, remains the de facto standard for English-language computer keyboards. For example, typewriters are still used in many Indian cities and towns, especially in roadside and legal offices, due to a lack of continuous, reliable electricity. Nevertheless, typewriters remain common in some parts of the world. After that, they began to be largely supplanted by personal computers running word processing software. Typewriters were a standard fixture in most offices up to the 1980s. It was widely used by professional writers, in offices, in business correspondence in private homes, and by students preparing written assignments. The typewriter quickly became an indispensable tool for practically all writing other than personal handwritten correspondence. The first commercial typewriters were introduced in 1874, but did not become common in offices in the United States until after the mid-1880s. At the end of the nineteenth century, the term 'typewriter' was also applied to a person who used such a device. Typically, a typewriter has an array of keys, and each one causes a different single character to be produced on paper by striking an inked ribbon selectively against the paper with a type element. Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Touchmaster Five, were long-time standards in government agencies, newsrooms, and offices Video showing the operation of a typewriter Disassembled parts of an Adler Favorit mechanical typewriterĪ typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for typing characters. JSTOR ( December 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Scholle IPN Scottys Heating and Air Conditioning, In. For our disabled members, spaces located in front of the EMC entrance on Collinsworth Road will be available. Coweta-Fayette EMC Crabapple LandscapExperts Craig Automotive Inc Cronic Chevrolet. Educate builder on the advantages of electric heat pumps and electric water heating. Average out-of-pocket cost for a 5 kW system The upfront amount spent to buy and install solar. loan programs, surge protection programs, water heater warranty programs. Buses will transport you to and from EMC headquarters. Given the average residential price-per-watt of 3.61 in Atlanta, a 8kW system can cost around 28,880 depending on applicable rebates and other factors. Parking is located at Northgate High School, 3220 Fischer Road, Newnan. For an excellent-credit borrower, a 7,000 loan with a two-year repayment term and 11.2 APR would require monthly payments of 327 and cost 7,846 including interest, according. replace heating and air equipment, water heaters, insula. Lots of wellness information on a variety of topics will be available. What improvements can I finance through GEMC FCU You may finance all EMC approved energy upgrades. Take part in the Health Fair, provided by Piedmont Healthcare professionals. Registration closes at 11 a.m., so be sure to arrive early. One lucky member will walk away with the grand prize of a $1,000 electric bill credit! Each EMC member will have his/her name in the drawing and you must be present to win. Every registered member will receive a Coweta Cooks Cookbook just for registering. Prizes generously donated by vendors will be given away during the meeting. You’ll also find information on Smart Choice Solar, our EV-Drive Free For A Year program, Operation Round Up, and True Natural Gas.Ĭoncessions including popcorn, cotton candy, and soft drinks will be available free of charge. Electric Utility Provider Coweta-Fayette EMC is a consumer-owned cooperative providing electricity and related services to members in Coweta, Fayette, Heard, South Fulton, Clayton, Spalding, Troup and Meriwether Counties. 10-13.įun Activities for all ages include: children’s activities, bingo for adults, and door prizes. Coweta-Fayette EMC 1,235 followers on LinkedIn. Seal air leaks around windows, doors and electrical outlets with caulking and weather stripping. 15.įor those unable to attend in person, you can register early at any of our office locations during the week of Oct. If you have a disconnection notice or need your home heating service restored, view the link below to see if you are eligible to apply for funds. Your participation is important! Watch for your registration packet to arrive in the mail around Sept. at the CFEMC headquarters located at 807 Collinsworth Road, Palmetto. The event will be held on Saturday, October 14, from 9:00 a.m. We look forward to seeing our members in person at our 76th Annual Membership Meeting and Appreciation Day to share fellowship and update you on the latest EMC activities.Ĭome join the fun and learn more about your cooperative during the Member Appreciation Day and Annual Meeting. It cannot be ruled out that your data collected by Facebook will also be transmitted to the USA. 20 831 views 3 years ago Reviewing the BOSS PQ-4 Parametric Equalizer that was lent to me for review by Louis Torres. We ourselves are not in a position to identify you personally via the meta pixel, as apart from your browser ID no other data is stored with us via the pixel.įor more information about the Meta Pixel, the details of data processing via this service and Meta's privacy policy, please visit Meta Privacy Policy - How Meta collects and uses user data for Facebook and Meta Privacy Policy - How Meta collects and uses user data for Instagram. Meta then delivers individualised ads from us on Facebook or on Instagram that are tailored to your needs. Meta is able to identify you by your browser ID, as this is linked to other data about you stored by Meta on your Facebook or Instagram user account. When you visit our websites, the pixel establishes a direct connection to Meta's servers. Its a little noisy with the level above 12 so I put an MXR Micro Amp after it for quiet boost. Its from 96 or 97 and sounds really good. The meta pixel are code snippets which are able to identify your browser type via the browser ID - the individual fingerprint of your browser - and to recognise that you have visited our websites and what exactly you have looked at on our websites. I gave 20 and a Maxon CP101 for this Boss PQ-4 Parametric Equalizer. Three AIRD bass preamps are provided for shaping your core tone, and eight different overdrive/distortion effects are available for additional color. The Meta Pixel is a remarketing pixel implemented on our websites that allows us to target you directly via the Meta Network by serving ads to visitors of our websites when they visit the social networks Facebook and Instagram. GT-1000CORE is a bass processing powerhouse in a grab-and-go package. The PQ-4 was sold from March 1991 to November 1997.On our websites, we use the Meta Pixel. Recommended Load Impedance: More than 10kOhm Residual Noise Level: less than -98dBm (IHF-A) Boss, PQ-4, Parametric, Equalizer, Fender, Stratocaster, Vox, AC30. Shows signs of use with chips in the paint, dust, dirt, and minor rust around the inputs. Each frequency range selector has it’s own individual levels for boosting or cutting specific frequencies, plus it has a -18 to +18 over all level boost or cut.Ĭontrols: Presence/Low, Middle, High, Level For sale is a Boss PQ-4 Parametric Equalizer This is a pretty rare pedal, made for a short time in the 90s. You can adjust Presence, Low Level boost or cut, Mid Frequency range between 100Hz and 1.6 KHZ, and a High Frequency range between 500HZ and 8KHZ. It was never a big seller and as Boss presently doesn’t make any parametric equalizers, they are highly sougth after. This Boss effect pedal features controls for frequency ranges, presence, and levels. THE PQ-4 has over time become quite rare. Make your music sound the way you want it with the Boss PQ-4. |
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